Throughout history the Torah was only transmitted through direct copying. Even throughout thousands of years of exile with the Jews spread across the world, of the over 300,000 words in the Torah there are only nine differences, none of which change the meaning of the words in question.
Going against every medical assumption, the Gemara paskens that a damaged kidney is not a treifah in a cow, which, after years of being mocked, was confirmed by research in 1971.